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TL431
Programmable voltage reference
Features

Adjustable output voltage: 2.5 to 36 V Sink current capability: 1 to 100 mA Typical output impedance: 0.22 1% and 2% voltage precision Z TO-92 (Plastic package)
Description
The TL431 is a programmable shunt voltage reference with guaranteed temperature stability over the entire operating temperature range. The output voltage may be set to any value between 2.5 V and 36 V with two external resistors. The TL431 operates with a wide current range from 1 to 100 mA with a typical dynamic impedance of 0.22 . D SO-8 (Batwing plastic micropackage)
March 2008
Rev 5
1/15
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Schematic diagrams
TL431
1
Schematic diagrams
Figure 1. TO-92 pin connections (top view)
Cathode Anode Reference
1 2 3
Figure 2.
SO-8 batwing pin connections (top view)
8 7 6 5
1 - Cathode 2 - Anode 3 - Anode 4 - N.C. 5 - N.C. 6 - Anode 7 - Anode 8 - Reference
1 2 3 4
Figure 3.
TL431 block diagram
Cathode Vref + Vref Anode
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TL431
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
2
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
Table 1.
Symbol VKA Ik Iref Pdiss Tstg
Absolute maximum ratings
Parameter Cathode to anode voltage Continuous cathode current range Reference input current range Power dissipation (1) TO-92 SO-8 batwing Storage temperature range HBM: human body model (2) Value 37 -100 to +150 -0.05 to +10 Unit V mA mA mW C
625 960 -65 to +150 2000 200 1500
ESD
MM: machine model (3) CDM: charged device model
(4)
V
1. Pdiss is calculated with Tamb = +25 C, Tj = +150 C and Rthja = 200 C/W for TO-92 package Rthja = 130 C/W for SO-8 batwing package 2. Human body model: A 100 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a 1.5 k resistor between two pins of the device. This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating. 3. Machine model: A 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between two pins of the device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 ). This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating. 4. Charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then discharged directly to the ground through only one pin. This is done for all pins.
Table 2.
Symbol VKA Ik Toper
Operating conditions
Parameter Cathode to anode voltage Cathode current Operating free-air temperature range TL431C/AC TL431I/AI Value Vref to 36 1 to 100 0 to +70 -40 to +105 Unit V mA C
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Electrical characteristics
TL431
3
Table 3.
Symbol
Electrical characteristics
Tamb = 25C (unless otherwise specified)
TL431C Parameter Min. Reference input voltage VKA = Vref , Ik = 10 mA, Tamb = 25C Tmin Tamb Tmax Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range (1) VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tmin Tamb Tmax Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change in cathode to anode voltage Ik = 10mA - VKA = 10V to Vref VKA = 36V to 10V Reference input current Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10k R2 = , Tamb = 25C Tmin Tamb Tmax Reference input current deviation over temperature range , Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10k R2 = Tmin Tamb Tmax Minimum cathode current for regulation VKA = Vref Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance VKA = Vref , Ik = 1 to100mA, f 1kHZ
(2)
TL431AC Unit Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Typ.
Vref
2.44 2.495 2.55 2.47 2.495 2.52 2.423 2.567 2.453 2.537
V
Vref
mV 3 17 3 15
Vref -----------Vka
-2.7 -2
-1.4 -1
-2.7 -2
-1.4 -1
mV/V
Iref
1.8
4 5.2
1.8
4 5.2
A
Iref
A 0.4 0.5 2.6 0.22 1.2 1 1000 0.5 0.4 0.5 2.6 0.22 1.2 0.6 1000 0.5 mA nA
Imin Ioff ZKA
1. See definition of Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range. V KA 2. The dynamic impedance is defined as | ZKA| = ---------------
I k
4/15
TL431 Table 4.
Symbol
Electrical characteristics Tamb = 25C (unless otherwise specified)
TL431I Parameter Min. Reference input voltage VKA = Vref , Ik = 10 mA, Tamb = 25C Tmin Tamb Tmax Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range (1) VKA = Vref , Ik =10 mA, Tmin Tamb Tmax Ratio of change in reference input voltage to change in cathode to anode voltage Ik = 10mA, VKA = 10V to Vref VKA = 36V to 10V Reference input current , Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10k R2 = Tamb = 25C Tmin Tamb Tmax Reference input current deviation over temperature range , Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10k R2 = Tmin Tamb Tmax Minimum cathode current for regulation VKA = Vref Off-state cathode current Dynamic impedance VKA = Vref , Ik = 1 to100mA, f 1kHZ
(2)
TL431AI Unit Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Typ.
Vref
2.44 2.495 2.55 2.41 2.58
2.47 2.495 2.52 2.44 2.55
V
Vref
7
30
7
30
mV
Vref -----------Vka
-2.7 -2
-1.4 -1
-2.7 -2
-1.4 -1
mV/V
Iref
1.8
4 6.5
1.8
4 6.5
A
Iref
0.8 0.5 2.6 0.22
2.5 1 1000 0.5
0.8 0.5 2.6 0.22
1.2 0.7 1000 0.5
A mA nA
Imin Ioff ZKA
1. See definition of Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range below. V KA 2. The dynamic impedance is defined as | ZKA| = ---------------
I k
Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range
Vref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full temperature range. Vref = Vref max - Vref min
Figure 4. Reference input voltage deviation over temperature range
V ref max.
V ref min. T1 T2 Temperature
5/15
Electrical characteristics
TL431
Figure 5.
Test circuit for VKA = Vref
Figure 6.
Input
Test circuit for programming mode
R IK Output
Input
R IK=10mA
Output
R1 IREF
VKA
VKA VREF
R2
VREF
R1 VKA = VREF ( 1 + ------- ) + R1 x IREF R2
Figure 7.
Test circuit for Ioff
Figure 8.
Test circuit for phase margin and voltage gain
10F
VKA=36V
IK=10mA
IOFF
10F
15k 8.25k
Output
Input
VREF
Figure 9.
Test circuit for response time
IK=1mA
1 mA 0 mA
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Output
TL431
Electrical characteristics
Figure 10. Reference voltage vs. temperature
Figure 11. Reference voltage vs. cathode current
100
2.54
Cathode voltage VKA (V)
Cathode current IKA (mA)
2.52
VKA = VREF IK = 10 mA
75 50 25 0 -25 -50
TAMB=+25C
2.50
2.48
2.46
2.44 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
-1
0
1
2
3
Temperature (C)
Cathode voltage VKA (V)
Figure 12. Reference voltage vs. cathode current
2
Figure 13. Reference current vs. temperature
2.0
Reference current IREF (A)
Cathode current IKA (mA)
1
TAMB = +25C
1.5
IK=10 mA R1=10k R2= +
0
1.0
-1
0.5
-2 -1
0
1 Cathode voltage VKA (V)
2
3
0.0 - 40
- 20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature C
Figure 14. Off-state cathode current vs. temperature
2.0
Figure 15. Ratio of change in Vref to change in VKA vs. temperature
0.0
Off-state current IOFF (A)
1.5
VREF / VKA (mV / V)
VKA = 36 V VREF = 0 V
-0.5
IK = 10 mA
1.0
-1.0
0.5
-1.5
0.0 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
-2.0 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
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Electrical characteristics
TL431
Figure 16. Static impedance RKA vs. temperature
0.30
Figure 17. Minimum operating current vs. temperature
0.6
0.28 VKA=VREF TAMB=+25C
Minimum cathode current IMIN (mA)
Static impedance RKA ()
0.4
0.26
0.24
0.2
VKA = VREF
0.22
0.20 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.0 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 18. Gain and phase vs. frequency
Figure 19. Stability behavior with capacitive loads
100 VKA=VREF
Cathode current (mA)
60 Gain 40 IK=10 mA See figure 4
200 150
80 VKA=5 V 60 VKA=12 V
Instable Area
100
Gain (dB)
20
Phase
50
Phase ()
0 0 -50 -100 -20 -150 -40 1 10 100 Frequency (kHz) 1000 -200 10000
40
20
VKA=24 V
0 1E-10
1E-9
1E-8
1E-7
1E-6
1E-5
Capacitive load (Farad)
Figure 20. Maximum power dissipation
100 SO8 Batwing
Figure 21. Pulse response for Ik = 1 mA
6 Input and Output voltage (V)
TAMB= +25C
Cathode current (mA)
Input
80
4 Output
60 TO92 40 Safe Area
VKA=VREF TAMB=+25C
2
20
0
0
10
20 Cathode voltage (V)
30
0
2
4 Time (s)
6
8
10
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TL431
Package information
4
Package information
In order to meet environmental requirements, STMicroelectronics offers these devices in ECOPACK(R) packages. These packages have a lead-free second level interconnect. The category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an STMicroelectronics trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com.
9/15
Package information
TL431
4.1
SO-8 package information
Figure 22. SO-8 package mechanical drawing
Table 5.
SO-8 package mechanical data
Dimensions
Ref. Min.
Millimeters Typ. Max. Min.
Inches Typ. Max.
A A1 A2 b c D E E1 e h L k ccc 0.25 0.40 1 0.10 1.25 0.28 0.17 4.80 5.80 3.80 4.90 6.00 3.90 1.27
1.75 0.25 0.004 0.049 0.48 0.23 5.00 6.20 4.00 0.011 0.007 0.189 0.228 0.150 0.193 0.236 0.154 0.050 0.50 1.27 8 0.10 0.010 0.016 1
0.069 0.010
0.019 0.010 0.197 0.244 0.157
0.020 0.050 8 0.004
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TL431
Package information
4.2
TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package information
Figure 23. TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical drawing
A1 P P T H
d
A
H1
H0
H
I1
W2 W1 W W0
L1
D0
F1 F2 P2 P0
Table 6.
Dim.
TO-92 ammopack and tape and reel package mechanical data
Millimeters Min Typ. Max. Min. Inches Typ. Max.
AL A T d I1 P PO P2 F1/F2
h P
5.0 5.0 4.0 0.45 2.5 11.7 12.4 5.95 2.4 -1 -1 17.5 5.7 8.5 12.7 12.7 6.35 2.5 0 0 18.0 6 9 13.7 13 6.75 2.8 1 1 19.0 6.3 9.75 0.5 20 15.5 16 16.5 25 3.8 4.0 4.2 11 0.150 0.157 0.610 0.630 0.098 0.461 0.488 0.234 0.094 -0.039 -0.039 0.689 0.224 0.335 0.500 0.500 0.250 0.098 0 0 0.709 0.236 0.354 0.018
0.197 0.197 0.157
0.539 0.512 0.266 0.110 0.039 0.039 0.748 0.248 0.384 0.020 0.787 0.650 0.984 0.165 0.433
W W0 W1 W2 H H0 H1 DO L1
11/15
Package information
TL431
4.3
TO-92 (bulk) package information
Figure 24. TO-92 bulk package mechanical drawing
Table 7.
Dim.
TO-92 bulk package mechanical data
Millimeters Min Typ. Max. Min. Inches Typ. Max.
L B O1 C K O2 a 3.2 4.45 4.58 12.7 0.407 0.35
1.27 3.7 5.00 5.03 4.2 5.2 5.33 0.126 0.1752 0.1803 0.5 0.5 0.508 0.016 0.0138
0.05 0.1457 0.1969 0.198 0.1654 0.2047 0.2098
0.0197
0.02
12/15
TL431
Ordering information
5
Table 8.
Ordering information
Order codes
Temperature range Package Packing Marking
Order code
TL431CD TL431CDT SO-8 TL431ACD TL431ACDT TL431CZ TL431CZT TL431CZ-AP TL431ACZ TL431ACZT TL431ACZ-AP TL431ID TL431IDT SO-8 TL431AID TL431AIDT TL431IZ TL431IZT TL431IZ-AP -40C to + 105C TL431AIZ TL431AIZT TL431AIZ-AP TL431IYD(1) TL431IYDT(1) TL431AIYD(1) TL431AIYDT(1) SO-8 (automotive grade level) TO-92 0C to +70C
431C Tube or Tape and reel 431AC
TL431C TO-92 Bulk or Tape or Ammopack TL431AC
431I Tube or tape and reel 431AI
TL431I Bulk or Tape or Ammopack TL431AI
431IY Tube or tape and reel 431AIY
1. Qualification and characterization according to AEC Q100 and Q003 or equivalent, advanced screening according to AEC Q001 & Q 002 or equivalent are on-going.
13/15
Revision history
TL431
6
Table 9.
Date
Revision history
Document revision history
Revision Changes
01-Mar-2002 01-Nov-2005 13-Dec-2006
1 2 3
Initial release. PPAP references inserted in order codes table on cover page. Corrected TO-92 package information. Specified that SO-8 package is batwing package. In electrical characteristics tables, moved negative values from max column to min column. Corrected captions of Figure 5 and of Figure 16. Added footnote to Table 8: Order codes. Corrected SO-8 package mechanical data. Corrected footnote for automotive grade order codes in order code table. Corrected packing information for TO-92 devices in order code table.
08-Jun-2007
4
25-Feb-2008
5
14/15
TL431
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